ChinaAutoRegs｜GB 15744-2008英文版翻译 摩托车燃油消耗量限值及测量方法
The Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Motorcycles

1 SCOPE

This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for motorcycles.
This standard applies to motorcycles (excluding racing motorcycles and cross-country motorcycles).

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (corrigenda excluded) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents referred to applies.
GB/T 1884 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products-Laboratory Determination of Density-Hydrometer Method (GB/T 1884-2000, eqv ISO 3675: 1998)
GB/T 5378-1994 General Rules for Running Test for Motorcycles and Mopeds
GB/T 5384-1996 Measurement Method for the Maximum Speed of Motorcycles and Mopeds
GB 14622-2007 Limits and Measurement Methods for the Emissions of Pollutants from Motorcycles on the Running Mode (CHINA Stage III)

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this standard, the terms and definitions defined in GB 14622-2007 and the followings apply.

3.1
Reference speed
“Reference speed” means the running speed of the motorcycle to be tested for the fuel consumption (Type II test).

4 TEST TYPES AND TEST CONDITIONS

4.1 Test types

Motorcycles shall be subject to test of two types.
4.1.1 Type I test (measurement of the average fuel consumption under the prescribed operating cycle)
Type I test is completed on a chassis dynamometer, and the test shall be carried out by using the urban cycle specified in CA.2 of Appendix CA in GB 14622-2007. One test includes two consecutive operating cycles.
4.1.2 Type II test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed)
Type II test is completed either on the road or on a chassis dynamometer to measure the fuel consumption of the test vehicle when driving at the reference speed.

4.2 Environmental conditions
The test environment shall meet the following conditions:
— Relative humidity:  95%;
— Maximum wind speed:  3m/s;
— Maximum wind gust speed:  5m/s;
— Environment temperature: 278K~303K.

4.3 Standard conditions

Standard conditions shall be as follows:
— Atmospheric pressure: P0=100kPa;
— Atmospheric temperature: T0=293K;
— Relative air density: d0=0.9197.
The relative air density during the test, calculated according to Formula (1), shall not vary by more than 7.5 % from the air density under reference conditions.

Where,
dT — the relative air density under test condition;
PT — the atmospheric pressure when testing, kPa;
TT — the atmospheric temperature when testing, K.

5 TEST PREPARATIONS

5.1 Test vehicle

5.1.1 The motorcycle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit the information of production description in accordance with those specified in Annex A.
5.1.2 Before the test, the test vehicle shall be properly run in according to the requirements of the manufacturer’s technical documentation, and shall be in normal operating mode.
5.1.3 Check the air-tightness of the air intake system and fuel supply system, so as to guarantee the air mixture is not affected by unexpected air intake.
5.1.4 The adjustment of the test vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation. The pressure of the tyres shall conform to the requirements of the technical documentation.
5.1.5 The test vehicle shall be inspected before the test, the test vehicle shall be consistent with the description in the manufacturer’s technical documentation; the test vehicle shall be capable of running normally and started normally in either cold or hot state.
5.1.6 Before the test, in order to achieve the normal state specified in the manufacturer’s technical documentation, the test vehicle shall undergo a pre-driving warm-up. If no requirements are specified, the test vehicle shall undergo pre-driving warm-up for four operating cycles defined in CA.2 of Appendix CA in accordance with the operating cycle requirements specified in C.2 of Annex C of GB 14622-2007; if the test is carried out on the road, in order for the engine and driving system to achieve normal hot state, the test vehicle shall first be driven for at least 15min under normal driving conditions.
5.1.7 When testing, the load mass of the vehicle and the passengers shall meet the requirements specified in the manufacturer’s technical documentation. Unless otherwise specified specially, the specific mass for a two-wheeled motorcycle shall be the mass of one rider. The specific mass for a motorcycle with sidecar shall be the total mass of one rider and two passengers. Ballast is permitted to replace passengers, but the positioning of the ballast shall be near the riding position of the passengers. The mass of each passenger is calculated as 75kg. The specific mass for a right three-wheeled motorcycle is the maximum load mass declared by the manufacturer as specified in the technical documentation. The mass of the fuel consumption measuring device shall be measured, and each mass mentioned above shall be recorded in the test record.
5.1.8 The load distribution between the front-wheel axle and rear-wheel axle shall conform to the requirements specified in the manufacturer’s technical documentation. When installing a measuring instrument on the test vehicle, the effect on the original load distribution shall be minimized.
5.1.9 When installing a fuel consumption measuring device and a speed sensor outside of the motorcycle, the additional air resistance shall be minimized as much as possible.

5.2 Fuel and lubricant

The fuel specified in GB 14622-2002 shall be used during the test. The density of the test fuel shall be measured in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 1884; the hydrogen-carbon ratio shall be a fixed value, and the value for gasoline is 1.85.
The engine lubricant shall be provided according to the grade and quantity specified in the manufacturer’s technical documentation.

 

6 TYPE I TEST (MEASUREMENT OF THE AVERAGE FUEL CONSUMPTION UNDER THE PRESCRIBED OPERATING CYCLE)

 

6.1 Operating cycle on the chassis dynamometer

The operating cycles of the motorcycle shall be established according to the requirements specified in C.2 of Annex C in GB 14622-2002, and carried out according to the urban cycle specified in CA.2 of Appendix CA.

6.2 Test equipment

6.2.1 Chassis dynamometer
The main characteristics of the chassis dynamometer shall conform to the requirements specified in C.4.1 of Annex C in GB 14622-2002.
When measuring fuel consumption, the measurement systems intended for fuel consumption, running distance and time shall be synchronous.
6.2.2 Measurement methods and equipment of fuel consumption
The fuel consumption shall be measured in accordance with one of the following methods; the selection of the measurement method depends on the characteristic of each method and test type (Type I test or Type II test):
a) Flow measurement method;
b) Volumetric measurement method;
c) Gravimetric measurement method;
d) Carbon balance measurement method (only applies to motorcycles installed with a four-stroke engine).
See B.1 of Annex B for the interpretation of the measurement methods. Other measurement methods may be used if the test results are proved to be identical.
6.2.2.1 See section B.2 of Annex B for the installation requirements and operating instruction for the fuel consumption measuring device. The fuel shall be delivered to the engine through a device for measuring fuel rate that is consistent with Annex B with an accuracy of ± 2%, and this device shall ensure that each item of performance of the engine is not affected. When using the volumetric measurement system, the fuel temperature in the device or in the device outlet shall be measured.
Switching from the normal fuel supply system to the measuring system shall be achieved by a valve system and shall take no more than 0.2 s.
6.2.2.2 When using the carbon balance method for measurements, the test equipment shall be the same as the equipment required in GB 14622-2002.

6.3 Measurement procedure

6.3.1 The adjustment of the chassis dynamometer shall conform to C.5.4 of Annex C in GB 14622-2007.
6.3.2 Measurements shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures specified in C.6 of Annex C in GB 14622-2007. The operating procedures of the measuring device for fuel consumption shall conform to Annex B. When using the carbon balance method to perform exhaust gas sampling, analysis and volumetric measurement, and the procedures shall be performed in accordance with the requirements specified in C.7 of Annex C in GB 14622-2007.

6.4 Measurement of fuel consumption

The fuel consumption of every two consecutive operating cycles is regarded as one measured value.

6.5 Determination of measurement results

6.5.1 Measure the fuel consumption consecutively for three times as specified in 6.4, and take the calculated average value of the three measured values as the final measurement result. Idling speed not longer than 60s between every two measurements is allowed; during the idling speed period, no consumption measurement shall be carried out.
6.5.2 If the maximum differential value between the measured values does not exceed 5% of the arithmetic average value, then this measurement result is valid; otherwise, retake the measurement until the value A, which is determined by means of the formula in 6.5.3, does not exceed 5%.
6.5.3 A value is calculated by means of Formula (2):
6.5.4 If, after 10 measurements, A value is still greater than 5%, other vehicle of the same model shall be used to make measurements.
6.5.5 The calculated results of the fuel consumption shall be rounded to two decimal places.

 

7 TYPE II TEST (MEASUREMENT OF THE AVERAGE FUEL CONSUMPTION AT CONSTANT SPEED)

 

7.1 Test conditions

7.1.1 Type II test shall be carried out on the road or on the chassis dynamometer.
7.1.2 See 6.2.2.1 for the installation requirements and operating instructions for the measuring device of the fuel consumption.

7.2 Road Measurement method

7.2.1 Rider and driving posture
7.2.1.1 The rider shall wear protective clothing and a helmet; the rider shall be 1.75m ± 0.05m tall and have a mass of 75kg ± 5kg.
7.2.1.2 Driving posture
When driving, the rider shall be seated on the designated position with his both hands controlling the steering handle, both feet on the foot support and both arms stretched out normally. During the measurement process, the rider shall keep the same driving posture.
7.2.2 Test road
7.2.2.1 The test road shall be an enclosed ring road with a length of more than 2,000 m and a minimum turning radius of more than 200m, or a straight road with a length of over 500m, on which the vehicle may be driven in both directions.
7.2.2.2 The surface of the road shall be covered with asphalt, tar, concrete or other equivalent materials.
7.2.2.3 The test road shall be as level as possible, and the longitudinal slope of the road is not allowed to exceed 1%; the height difference between any two points on the road is not allowed to exceed 1m; the horizontal slope of the road is not allowed to exceed 3%.
7.2.2.4 The test road shall be level, dry and free from obstacles.
7.2.2.5 Test distance: 500m.

7.3 Chassis dynamometer measurement method

When testing on the chassis dynamometer, its setting shall be performed according to 6.3.1.

7.4 Test method

7.4.1 The test for fuel consumption measurement at a constant speed shall be performed in the highest gear and at the reference speed provided in Table 2. The measurement for the maximum speed of the motorcycle shall conform to the requirements specified in GB/T 5384. The preferential value obtained at two reference speeds is regarded as the measured result of the Type II test.
7.4.2 Measurement of fuel consumption
7.4.2.1 Measure the fuel consumption under a steady reference speed when carrying out 4 tests, in which the average speed of two tests is lower than the reference speed, and the average speed of other two tests is higher than the reference speed. During the test process, the allowable difference of driving speed of the test vehicle shall be controlled within a range of ± 2 km/h.
The differential value between the average speed of each test and the reference speed shall be less than 2 km/h.
The fuel consumption of each test shall be calculated by means of Formula (5) and Formula (6).
7.4.2.2 The difference in the fuel consumption between the two tests where the average speed is lower than the reference speed shall be less than 5% of the average value obtained from these two tests; the same requirement applies to the two tests where the average speed is higher than the reference speed. The fuel consumption measured under the reference speed shall be calculated by means of linear interpolation.
7.4.2.3 If none of the pairs of calculated values meet the requirements specified in 7.4.2.2, then four more tests shall be carried out. If, after ten sets of tests, the above requirements are still not met, then another motorcycle of the same model shall be selected and tests carried out in the above order.

8 LIMITS AND THE CALCULATION METHODS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION

 

8.1 Calculation of fuel consumption

The fuel consumption shall be calculated by means of Formula (4):

8.2 Calculation of fuel consumption for Type I test and Type II tests

8.2.1 If the fuel consumption value is obtained by using the volume method, fuel consumption FC shall be calculated by means of Formula (5):

8.2.2 If the fuel consumption value is obtained by using the weight method, the fuel consumption FC shall be calculated by means of Formula (6):

8.2.3 If the fuel consumption value is obtained using the carbon balance method, the fuel consumption FC shall be calculated by means of Formula (7):

8.2.3.1 The emission of gaseous pollutants shall be calculated by means of Formula (8):

8.2.3.2 Determination of volume
8.2.3.2.1 When using a dilution device, the constant flow of which is controlled by an orifice plate or venturi tube to measure the volume; continuously record the parameter which demonstrates the volume flow rate and calculate the total volume during the test.
8.2.3.2.2 When using a positive displacement pump to calculate the volume, the volume of diluted exhaust gas inside the positive displacement pump system shall be determined by means of Formula (9):

8.2.4 Mixture of fuels/lubricants
For two-stroke motorcycles that use mixed oil as lubricant, the consumption of the lubricant shall be removed when calculating.

8.3 See Table 3 and Table 4 for the fuel consumption limits for motorcycles.

 

Annex A
(Normative)
Motorcycle Product Description

 

A.1 Name of manufacturer (trademark) ____________________________________
A.2 Vehicle type ________________________________________________
A.3 Vehicle mass
Complete vehicle kerb mass ________________________________kg
Rated payload __________________________________kg
A.4 Gearbox: manual/ automatic
Number of gear ratios (speeds): ______________________
Gear ratios (manual transmission)
First gear ________________________________________________
Second gear ________________________________________________
Third gear ________________________________________________
Fourth gear ________________________________________________
Fifth gear ________________________________________________
Sixth gear ________________________________________________
A.5 Drive ratios
Primary _______________________________________________________
Final _______________________________________________________
A.6 Tyres
Front tyre specification _________mm; Rear tyre specification _________________mm
Tyre pressure: Specified in technical documentation_________ Actual: _________
Front tyre _________________________ kPa _____________________kPa
Rear tyre _________________________ kPa _____________________kPa
A.7 Engine description
Manufacturer __________________________________________________________
Type __________________________________________________________
Cycle: 2-stroke/4-stroke___________________________________________________
Number and layout of cylinders____________________________________
Cylinder bore __________________________mm
Stroke __________________________mm
Displacement __________________________mL
Compression ratio ____________:_____________
Fuel _________________________
Cooling system type water/ air/ others (Specify) __________________
Air filter type _____________________________________________
Lubrication system __________________________________________________
(two-stroke engine: separate type/ mixed type)
A.8 Additional antipollution devices
(If not covered by another heading) __________________________yes/no
Fuel feed type _______________________________________________________
Carburettor /fuel injection system
Trademark ________________________________________________
Type ________________________________________________
A.9 Engine performance
Idling speed _____________________________________________r/min
Engine maximum power and corresponding speed _____________________kW/(r/min)

Annex B
(Normative)
Equipment for Measuring Fuel Consumption of Motorcycles

 

B.1 Measurement methods

B.1.1 Flow measurement method
The flow measurement method uses a device that enables the continuous or discontinuous measurement of the definite mass or volume of fuel that passes through the device within a certain time interval.
When continuously measuring, the device presents a display related to the flow rate; when discontinuously measuring, the device presents a display set on the basis of measuring the minimum elementary volume.
B.1.2 Volumetric measurement method
The volumetric measurement method uses a known volume-measuring device to measure the volume of fuel consumption. This measuring device shall be a “constant” volume-measuring device or a “variable” volume-measuring device.
A “constant” volume-measuring device enables only a fixed reading of the fuel flow. This fuel flow is already set. This flow depends on its own volume of the measuring device or the indications on the measuring device.
A “variable” volume-measuring device is an instrument with graduation marks. It enables non-fixed fuel flows to be read.
B.1.3 Gravimetric measurement method
The gravimetric measurement method uses a weight-measuring device to determine the mass of the fuel consumption; the device shall be a “constant” weight-measuring device or a “variable” weight-measuring device.
A “constant” weight-measuring device enables only a fixed reading of the fuel flow. This fuel flow is already set. This flow depends on the measuring device itself and its characteristics.
A “variable” weight-measuring device allows non-fixed fuel flows to be read.

B.2 Installation of the measuring device

B.2.1 General points for attention
B.2.1.1 Whichever measurement method is selected, the installation of the measuring device shall not interfere with or change the state of the fuel supply from the fuel supply system of the vehicle.
Here, the pressure drop and the dimension of the cross-section of the fuel supply pipeline, and the length of the pipeline shall be primarily taken into consideration.
B.2.1.2 Conditions that meet those specified in B.2.1.1 shall be considered.
a) If the flow measurement method is selected, when the pressure drop of the passing system is less than 100Pa, the flow meter shall be installed according to Figure B.1 and Figure B.2.
b) The installation of the volumetric measurement method and gravimetric measurement method shall be performed according to Figure B.3, Figure B.4, Figure B.5 and Figure B.6.
B.2.1.3 If it may be proved that the fuel supply system of the vehicle is not affected, other installation methods may be used.
B.2.1.4 To reduce the possibility of pressure loss in the fuel pipes, it is recommended that:

B.2.2 Flow measurement method
B.2.2.1 The design of the flowmeter shall be carried out on the basis of the pressure drop of the passing device is not greater than 100Pa.
B.2.2.2 Figure B.1 is the schematic diagram for the flow measurement system when the carburettor supplies fuel; Figure B.2 is the schematic diagram for flow measurement system when the fuel is supplied by fuel injection.
B.2.2.3 Accuracy
During the whole testing period, the accuracy of the overall testing process shall be within a range of ± 2%.
B.2.3 Volumetric measurement method
B.2.3.1 Figure B.3 is the schematic diagram for volume measurement system when the carburettor supplies fuel; Figure B.4 is the schematic diagram for volume measurement system when the fuel is supplied by fuel injection.
B.2.3.2 Test conditions (the chassis dynamometer indicated in Figure B.2 and the volume method used on a road)
B.2.3.2.1 The burette shall be installed on one side of the fuel tank according to the following method:
The above values are expressed in mm.
B.2.3.2.2 The pressure inside the burette shall not be affected by the wind pressure on the air outlet of the burette.
B.2.4 Gravimetric measurement method
B.2.4.1 Figure B.5 is the schematic diagram for the weight measurement system when the carburettor supplies fuel; Figure B.6 is the schematic diagram for the weight measurement system when the fuel is supplied by fuel injection.
B.2.4.2 Requirements for graduation marks
Accuracy: ≤1%
Resolution: 0.1g
B.2.4.3 Density measurement (mass/volume)
Measurement accuracy of 1g/cm3 shall be provided and changed to reference conditions.

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