ChinaAutoRegs｜GB 18296-2001英文版翻译 汽车燃油箱安全性能要求和试验方法
Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank
1. SCOPE
This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for fuel tank used on automobiles fueled with gasoline and diesel oil.
This standard applies to metal and plastic fuel tanks used on the vehicles of category M and N.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard, following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 Fuel tank
An independent tank assembly fixed on automobile to contain fuel, it is assembled as a whole by the fuel tank proper, fill pipe, fill port, cap, pipe joint and other accessories.
2.2 Fuel leakage
Fuel falls down from the tank in line or in drops.
2.3 Nominal capacity
Volume of fuel filling specified in the design specification of fuel tank.
2.4 Pan used in fire-resistant test
A container with flat bottom in which fuel for fire-resistant test is to be burned.
2.5 Screen with fire-resistant material
A flat plate to cover the pan in fire-resistant test.
2.6 Vulnerable points of fuel tank
The points of fuel tank which are determined as most vulnerable to impact damage according to the shape and fitting method of the fuel tank.
2.7 Ventilation system for fuel tank
Including safety venting system, air inlet valve, air outlet valve and the air vent used for controlling fuel tank evaporative emission.
2.8 Pyramid-shaped hammer
Steel made impact applying body used in plastic fuel tank test.
3. SAFETY PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Nominal capacity shall be limited as 95% of the maximum liquid volume of fuel tank. The fuel tank with a nominal capacity of more than 95L must have a safety venting system, which can be fitted as a separate unit of the fuel tank, or as part of its accessories. In the event of the tank is subjected to fire, the safety venting system can prevent internal tank pressure from rupturing the tank’s body.
3.2 The fuel tank with fuel evaporative emission controlling system must have an air vent, which shall be situated above the fuel level when the tank is fully filled, to ensure that the fuel evaporative emission can be emitted out of the tank at any time.
3.3 Sealing performance of fuel tank cap
For diesel tank cap there shall be a maximum leakage rate of not more than 30g/min; for gasoline tank cap there shall be no leakage.
3.4 Opening pressure of safety venting system
In the case of the fuel tank with safety venting system, its opening pressure shall be 35—-50kPa. After the opening of the safety venting system, the fuel tank shall have an internal pressure not more than 5kPa above such opening pressure.
3.5 Vibration enduring performance of fuel tank
There shall be no fuel leakage when the fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.3.
3.6 Pressure resisting performance of metal fuel tank
There shall be no fuel leakage and crack when the metal fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.4.
3.7 Pressure resisting performance of plastic fuel tank
There shall be no fuel leakage and crack, but permanent deformation is permissible, when the plastic fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.5.
3.8 Impact resisting performance of plastic fuel tank at cold temperature
There shall be no fuel leakage when the fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.6.
3.9 Heat resisting performance of plastic fuel tank
There shall be no fuel leakage when the fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.7.
3.10 Fire resisting performance of plastic fuel tank
There shall be no fuel leakage when the fuel tank is tested according to subclause 4.8.
4. TEST METHODS
4.1 Test for the sealing performance of fuel tank cap
Fill the fuel tank with water to its nominal capacity. With the tank cap being installed, and all other inlets and outlets being sealed, turn the fuel tank until the center line of fill port is perpendicular to ground surface. Wait 15s after the fuel tank has been in steady state, then measure the water leakage for 1min by using a stopwatch as timer and using a measuring cup to receive leaking water.
4.2 Test for the opening pressure of safety venting system
With the tank cap being installed, and all other inlets and outlets being sealed, fill the fuel tank with compressed air until its internal pressure reaches 55kPa with an increasing rate of 8kPa/min.
4.3 Test for the vibration enduring performance
Fix the fuel tank on the vibration test bench under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. Fill the fuel tank with water to its nominal capacity. Then conduct vibration test according the requirements in Table 1, with the tank cap being installed, and all other inlets and outlets being sealed.
4.4 Test for pressure resistance of metal fuel tank
Fix the metal fuel tank on test fixture under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. Seal all of the inlets and outlets, apply a pressure of 80kPa into the tank and keep that pressure for 30s.
4.5 Test for pressure resistance of plastic fuel tank
Fix the plastic fuel tank on test fixture under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. With the ambient temperature maintain at 53°C±2°C, fill the tank with water with a temperature of 53°C±2°C to its nominal capacity. Then with the tank cap being installed, and all other inlets and outlets being sealed, apply a pressure of 30kPa into the fuel tank, and keep that pressure for 5h.
4.6 Impact test with pyramid-shaped hammer for plastic fuel tank
Requirements for the pyramid-shaped hammer: an impact-applying body made of steel which has a mass of 15kg, equilateral triangle sides and square bottom. Its apex and ridgeline sections shall be rounded to a radius of 3mm.
Fix the plastic fuel tank on test fixture under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. Fill the fuel tank up to its nominal capacity either with a mixed solution of water and glycol or with a non-corrosive liquid with a low freezing point (freezing point temperature is below -50°). When the liquid temperature in the fuel tank reaches -40°C±2°C, strike the apex of a pyramid-shaped hammer against the points of the fuel tank which are considered as being vulnerable to damage with an impact energy of 30J. For each different striking point, a new fuel tank sample shall be used.
4.7 Test for heat resisting performance of plastic fuel tank
Fix the plastic fuel tank on test fixture under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. Fill the tank with water with a temperature of 20°C±2°C to the 50% of its nominal capacity. Then leave the fuel tank for 1hour at an ambient temperature of 95°C±2°C (e.g. Place it among the water steam with a temperature of 95°C±2°C).
4.8 Test for the fire resisting performance of plastic fuel tank
The requirements for the pan used in fire resistance test: The length and width of the pan shall be greater than the dimensions of the test fuel tank that are projected on the horizontal plane by200–500mm, respectively. The height of the side wall of the pan shall not exceed 80mm, when measured from the surface of the fuel. Moreover, the pan shall be designed so as to contain fuel in a sufficient quantity whereby the combustion can last for 5min or more under free burning conditions.
The requirements for the screen used in fire resistance test: Having a thickness of 70mm, being made of fire-resistant material. There are long holes with a dimension of 15mm×30mm spaced evenly over the surface of the screen plate. The total area of these holes shall be equivalent to about 60% of screen plate surface area.
Fix the plastic fuel tank on test fixture under the same conditions as it is mounted on the vehicle. If the vehicle is equipped with the parts affecting flame path, such parts shall be also equipped on the test fixture. Fill the fuel tank with the fuel which has the same brand and grade with the fuel used in engine combustion to the 50% of its nominal capacity. During the fire resistance test, all openings of the fuel tank must be securely closed. The ventilating device shall be in normal operation.
The test shall be conducted in following four stages, not affected by wind.
a) Preheating stage
Place the pan which contains gasoline (same brand and grade with the fuel used in engine combustion) in a quantity whereby the combustion can last for 5min at a distance of 3m or more from the fuel tank, and burn the gasoline for 60s.
b) Stage of direct exposure to flame
Immediately move the pan to such a position that the distance between the fuel level and the bottom of the fuel tank becomes equal to the height of the fuel tank of the vehicle under the unloaded state above the road surface, and that enveloping flame is applied to the bottom and all sides of the fuel tank. Then expose the fuel tank to enveloping flame for 60s.
c) Stage of indirect exposure to flame
Immediately cover the pan with the screen, and continue this condition for 60s.
d) End of test
Immediately move the pan in which the gasoline is burning, together with the screen, 3m or more away from the fuel tank. If the fuel tank is still burning, immediately extinguish the fire.
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